The Mare Orientale impact basin is located in the southern equatorial region of Earth’s Moon and is composed of mafic igneous rocks and ash displaced by primary and secondary impact events. The lunar rocks of the area range in age from 4.5 to 1 Ga making the geology and geomorphology of the area broadly defined. The study area is 1.24 million square kilometers of the Eastern Mare Orientale impact basin.

In order to interpret the geology of the area, various lithologic, topographic, and chronologic datasets were compiled in ArcMap. The topography of the region was constructed by using a high-resolution lunar digital elevation model from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center using the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter and SELENE Terrain Camera. Analyses of the Unified Geologic Map of the Moon from the USGS Astrogeology Science Center provided the data needed to determine lithology and ages of the geologic formations of the study area. From these data, a comprehensive history of the geologic and geomorphologic events was used to create a series of figures showing the stratigraphic and structural relationships of the geologic units. The incorporation of the current lunar geologic time scale enabled the construction of a generalized timeline of major events providing a more detailed geologic history of the study area.