SAGE Record 049, Quan et al.
Quan, L., K. Crane, and M. Mirabolghasemi, 2022, Induced seismicity by CO2–sensitive polyacrylamide solution injection for CCS applications: SAGE Record 049, 16 p. + supplemental material, <http://sagetech.org/sage_record_049_quan_et_al/>. Oral presentation at SAGE 2022, 23–25 March, Lafayette, Louisiana, and Virtual.
Induced Seismicity by CO2–Sensitive Polyacrylamide Solution Injection for CCS Applications
Quan, Laihmen, Kelsey Crane, and Maryam Mirabolghasemi, (Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS)
In October of 2021, world leaders met at the G20 Summit and the United Nations Climate Change Conference to address one of the most pressing international issues yet, global warming. Efforts to accelerate technologies to achieve carbon neutrality was pledged, therefore alternatives such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) become increasingly appealing. CCS is a way to capture excess carbon dioxide (CO2) safely and permanently from anthropogenic sources and relocate it in geological formations such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs. Even though CCS seems to be a very promising option, it does come with its own limitations. Leakage pathways, such as faults and fractures, can compromise the effectiveness of CCS, therefore; a preventive approach might prove practical. Sealing agents that activate under high concentrations of CO2 can be injected into the storage site and block the leakage pathways. CO2–sensitive polyacrylamide gel (CO2–SPAM) is a polymer gel solution that utilizes CO2 as a crosslinker and gels upon contact with CO2. Despite the promising potential of this preventive approach, concerns arise when the pore pressure near a fault zone increases due to the injection of highly viscous gel solution. This increased pore pressure causes an imbalance in geological stresses in the fault zone, which leads to induced seismicity. In this study, the severity of induced seismicity is investigated as a result of CO2–SPAM injection into the Raton Basin for a gas-producing well. The necessary geological and well data is collected to estimate the pore pressure at a nearby fault and rheological tests are conducted to identify CO2–SPAM’s response to deformation and viscosity. Finally, the calculated pore pressure is used to determine the variety of angles at which fault planes can be reactivated while also deriving a criterion that will indicate the pore pressure necessary to induced seismicity in a non-active fault zone.